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The wildlife of Zimbabwe is mostly located in remote or rugged terrain in the national parks and private wildlife ranches; it is spread over the landscapes of miombo woodlands and thorny acacia or kopje. The prominent wild fauna members which inhabit this landscape are not only the "big five" – buffalo, elephant, leopard, lion and rhino – but also antelopes, zebras and giraffes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wildlife management in Zimbabwe: The CAMPFIRE programme )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Zimbabwe Wildlife )〕 The introduction of the Wildlife Conservation Act of 1960 resulted in checking the loss of wildlife in Zimbabwe, since the 1960s. In the 1990s, it became one of the leading countries in Africa in wildlife conservation and management with a reported income generation US$ 300 million per year from the protected areas of the state, rural community run wildlife management areas and private game ranches and reserves. The Parks and Wildlife Board consisting of 12 members is responsible for this activity and deciding on policy issues under the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Management.〔 The Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority under the Board has the onerous task of overseeing the activities related to 10 national parks,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Park Overview )〕 nine recreational parks,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Recreation Parks )〕 four botanical gardens,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Botanical Gardens )〕 four safari areas,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Safari Areas )〕 and three sanctuaries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Sanctuaries )〕 These areas are collectively called the Wildlife Estate which covers an area about , which is equivalent to 12.5% of the total land area of the country.〔 However, reports of National Geographic News indicate a disturbing trend of decimation of wildlife in Zimbabwe as result of “national economic meltdown” leading to overexploitation of the wildlife resources to meet the finances of the nation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Zimbabwe's Wildlife Decimated by Economic Crisis )〕 ==Legal codes== The Wildlife Conservation Authority initially protected and preserved wildlife in Zimbabwe as "king's game", which was changed to total state control subsequently. However, this created difficulties to the local population who were entirely dependent on the forests for their survival, as they were excluded from using indigenous wildlife resources and also gradually excluded from almost one-half of the country's land base. This seriously affected the sustainable exploitation of the wildlife resources as local people resorted to illegal poaching. However, in the 1960 the economic awareness created a policy shift in managing the wild life in the country when the Wildlife Conservation Act was introduced. This was followed by the Parks and Wildlife Act of 1975, which enabled the land owners "the right to manage wildlife for their own benefit, thus providing an economic rationale to reinforce the scientific, aesthetic and moral justifications for wildlife conservation."〔 The Parks and Wildlife Act of 1975 has been amended and consolidated in 1982 in which certain animals to be protected have been listed. Taking off animals has been prohibited except under special permit issued by the minister for scientific or educational purposes or for captive breeding of falcons, live export, and re-stocking, wildlife management or defence of property. Provision also includes taking of indigenous plants, hunting of animals and regulation of fishing. Detailed regulations have been issued to the Act. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wildlife of Zimbabwe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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